Articles

Lymphedema

Liu, Ying. et al. 2022. “Tissue Dielectric Constant Combined With Arm Volume Measurement as Complementary Methods in Detection and Assessment of Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema.”
Lymphatic Research and Biology 20(1): 26–32.

Mayrovitz, Harvey N. et al. 2022. “Breast Tissue Dielectric Constant as a Potential Breast Edema Assessment Parameter.”
Lymphatic Research and Biology 20(1): 33–38.

Karlsson, Katarina. et al. 2021. “Tissue Dielectric Constant and Water Displacement Method Can Detect Changes of Mild Breast Cancer-Related Arm Lymphedema.”
Lymphatic Research and Biology.

Mayrovitz, Harvey N. et al. 2021. “An Approach Toward Assessing Head-and-Neck Lymphedema Using Tissue Dielectric Constant Ratios: Method and Normal Reference Values.”
Lymphatic Research and Biology 19(6): 562–567.

De Vrieze, Tessa et al. 2020. “Reliability of the MoistureMeterD Compact Device and the Pitting Test to Evaluate Local Tissue Water in Subjects with Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema.”
Lymphatic Research and Biology 18(2): 116–128.

Heydon-White, Asha et al. 2020. “Assessing Breast Lymphoedema Following Breast Cancer Treatment Using Indocyanine Green Lymphography.”
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 181(3): 635–44.

Karlsson, Katarina et al. 2020. “Palpation of Increased Skin and Subcutaneous Thickness, Tissue Dielectric Constant, and Water Displacement Method for Diagnosis of Early Mild Arm Lymphedema.”
Lymphatic Research and Biology 18(3): 219–225.

Mayrovitz, Harvey N. et al. 2020. “Skin Tissue Dielectric Constant in Women with High Body Fat Content.”
Skin Research and Technology 26(2): 226–233.

Yu, Ziyou et al. 2020. “Assessment of Skin Properties in Chronic Lymphedema: Measurement of Skin Stiffness, Percentage Water Content, and Transepidermal Water Loss.”
Lymphatic Research and Biology 18(3): 212–218.

Koehler, Linda A. et al. 2019. “Spatial and Temporal Variability of Upper Extremity Edema Measures after Breast Cancer Surgery.”
Lymphatic Research and Biology 17(3): 308–315.

Mayrovitz, Harvey N. 2019. “Impact of Body Fat and Obesity on Tissue Dielectric Constant (TDC) as a Method to Assess Breast Cancer Treatment-Related Lymphedema (BCRL).”
Lymphology 52(1): 18–24.

Mayrovitz, Harvey N. 2019. “Assessing Lower Extremity Lymphedema Using Upper and Lower Extremity Tissue Dielectric Constant Ratios: Method and Normal Reference Values.”
Lymphatic Research and Biology 17(4): 457–64.

Mayrovitz, Harvey N. et al. 2019. “Factors Affecting Interpretation of Tissue Dielectric Constant (TDC) in Assessing Breast Cancer Treatment Related Lymphedema (BCRL).”
Lymphology 52(2): 92–102.

Mazor, Melissa et al. 2019. “Assessment of Local Tissue Water in the Arms and Trunk of Breast Cancer Survivors with and without Upper Extremity Lymphoedema.”
Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging 39(1): 57–64.

Tuğral, Alper. et al. 2019. “An Approach to Lipedema: A Literature Review of Current Knowledge of an Underestimated Health Problem.”
European Journal of Plastic Surgery 42(6): 549–58.

Bakar, Yeşim. et al. 2018. “Measurement of Local Tissue Water in Patients with Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema.”
Lymphatic Research and Biology 16(2): 160–64.

Mayrovitz, Harvey N. et al. 2018. “Tissue Dielectric Constant Ratios as a Method to Characterize Truncal Lymphedema.”
Lymphology 51(3): 125–31.

Mayrovitz, Harvey N. et al. 2017. “Local Skin Cooling as an Aid to the Management of Patients with Breast Cancer Related Lymphedema and Fibrosis of the Arm or Breast.”
Lymphology 50(2): 56–66.

Mayrovitz, Harvey N. et al. 2016. “Tissue Dielectric Constant (TDC) as an Index of Skin Water in Women with and without Breast Cancer: Upper Limb Assessment via a Self-Contained Compact Measurement Device.”
Lymphology 49(1): 27–35.

Johansson, Karin et al. 2015. “Two-Year Follow-up of Temporal Changes of Breast Edema after Breast Cancer Treatment with Surgery and Radiation Evaluated by Tissue Dielectric Constant (TDC).”
European Journal of Lymphology and Related Problems 27(73): 15–21.

Mayrovitz, Harvey N. et al. 2015. “Tissue Dielectric Constant (TDC) as an Index of Localized Arm Skin Water: Differences between Measuring Probes and Genders.”
Lymphology 48(1): 15–23.

Young adult gender differences in forearm skin-to-fat tissue dielectric constant values measured at 300 MHz
Mayrovitz H.N., Grammenos A., Corbitt K. and Bartos S.
Skin Res Technol, epub 3 Jun 2015.

Age-related differences in tissue dielectric constant values of female forearm skin measured noninvasively at 300 MHz
Mayrovitz H.N., Singh A and Akolkar S.
Skin Res Technol, epub 3 Jun 2015.

Assessing free and bound water in skin at 300 MHz using tissue dielectric constant measurements with the MoistureMeterD
Mayrovitz H.N.
In: A.K. Greene et al (eds), Lymphedema: Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment. DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-14493-1_13. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, 2015.

Assessing localized skin-to-fat water in arms of women with breast cancer via tissue dielectric constant measurements in pre-surgery and post-surgery patients
Mayrovitz H.N., Weingrad D.N. and Lopez L.
Ann Surg Oncol, May;22(5):1483-9, 2015.

Patterns of temporal changes in tissue dielectric constant (TDC) as indices of localized skin water changes in women treated for breast cancer: A pilot study
Mayrovitz H.N., Weingrad D.N. and Lopez L.
Lymphat Res Biol, 13:20-33, 2015.

Tissue dielectric constant (TDC) measurements as a means of characterizing localized tissue water in arms of women with and without breast cancer treatment related lymphedema
Mayrovitz H.N., Weingrad D.N. and Davey S.
Lymphology, 47:142-50, 2014.

Can tissue dielectric constant measurement aid in differentiating lymphoedema from lipoedema in women with swollen legs?
Birkballe S., Jensen M.R., Noerregaard S., Gottrup F. and Karlsmark T.
Br J Dermatol, Jan;170(1):96-102, 2014.

Assessment of skin barrier function in podoconiosis: measurement of stratum corneum hydration and transepidermal water loss
Ferguson J.S., Yeshanehe W., Matts P., Davey G., Mortimer P. and Fuller C.
Br J Dermatol, Mar;168(3):550-4, 2013.

A randomized controlled trial comparing two types of pneumatic compression for breast cancer-related lymphedema treatment in the home
Fife C.E., Davey S., Maus E.A., Guilliod R. and Mayrovitz H.N.
Support Care Cancer, Dec;20(12):3279-86, 2012.

A new concept of a multidisciplinary lymphoedema centre: established in connection to a department of dermatology and the Copenhagen Wound Healing Center
Birkballe S., Karlsmark T., Noerregaard S. and Gottrup F.
Br J Dermatol, Vol 167(1):116–22, 2012.

Changes in tissue water and indentation resistance of lymphedematous limbs accompanying low level laser therapy (LLLT) of fibrotic skin
Mayrovitz H.N. and Davey S.
Lymphology, Dec;44(4):168-77, 2011.

Randomised phase II trial of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in patients with chronic arm lymphoedema after radiotherapy for cancer
Gothard L., Haviland J., Bryson P., Laden G., Glover M., Harrison S., Woods M., Cook G., Peckitt C., Pearson A., Somaiah N., Stanton A., Mortimer P. and Yarnold J.
Radiother Oncol, Oct;97(1):101-7, 2010.

Local tissue water in at-risk and contralateral forearms of women with and without breast cancer treatment-related lymphedema
Mayrovitz H.M., Weingrad D.N. and Davey S.
Lymphat Res Biol, Sep;7(3):153-8, 2009.

Assessing lymphedema by tissue identation force and local tissue water
Mayrovitz H.N.
Lymphology, Jun;42(2):88-98, 2009.

Suitability of single tissue dielectric constant measurements to assess local tissue water in normal and lymphedematous skin
Mayrovitz H.N., Davey S. and Shapiro E.
Clin Physiol Imaging, 29(2):123-127, 2009.

Local tissue water assessed by tissue dielectric constant: anatomical site and depth dependence in women prior to breast cancer treatment-related surgery
Mayrovitz H.N., Davey S. and Shapiro E.
Clin Physiol Imaging, 28:337-342, 2008.

Localized tissue water changes accompanying one manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) therapy session assessed by changes in tissue dielectric constant inpatients with lower extremity lymphedema
Mayrovitz H.N., Davey S. and Shapiro E.
Lymphology, 41:87-92, 2008.

Assessing local tissue edema in postmastectomy lymphedema
Mayrovitz H.N.
Lymphology, 40:87-94, 2007.

A new water-specific technique for local measurement of edema and lymphedema induced by cancer therapy
Lahtinen T., Nuutinen J. and Mayrovitz H.N.
ESTRO Newsletter 61:23-24, Winter 2006.

Abstracts

A novel MoistureMeter D for local assessment of lymphedema
Niinimäki M., Nuutinen J. and Lahtinen T.
The European Journal of Lymphology and related problems, 20:57:13, 2009.

Local tissue water changes accompanying a single manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) treatment in patients with lower extremity lymphedema
Mayrovitz H.N., Davey S. and Shapiro E.
Poster presented at 8th National Lymphedema Network (NLN) International Conference, August 2008.

Local tissue water assessed by tissue dielectric constant: anatomical site and depth dependence in women prior to breast cancer related surgery
Mayrovitz H.N., Davey S. and Shapiro E.
Poster presented at 8th National Lymphedema Network (NLN) International Conference, August 2008.

Assessment of local tissue edema in arms of women with postmastectomy lymphedema
Mayrovitz H.N. and Brown-Cross D.
2006 Symposium on Advanced Wound Care & Medical Reseach Forum on Wound Repair, p.189

Cutaneous edema, Tissue fluid status

Toyooka, Ken Taro. et al. 2018. “Can Tissue Dielectric Constant Measurements Assess Circulating Blood Volume Changes in Patients Undergoing Haemodialysis?”
Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging 38(3): 497–501.-24.

Mayrovitz, Harvey N. et al. 2017. “Race-Related Differences in Tissue Dielectric Constant Measured Noninvasively at 300 MHz in Male and Female Skin at Multiple Sites and Depths.”
Skin Research and Technology 23(4): 471–78.

Breast oedema following free flap breast reconstruction
Greenhowe J., Stephen C., McClymont L. and Munnoch A.
The Breast, 34:73-76, 2017.

Positive impact of dietary water on in vivo epidermal water physiology
Palma K.L., Tavares L., Fluhr J.W., Bujan M.J. and Rodrigues L.M.
Skin Res Technol, Nov;21(4):413-8, 2015.

Age-related changes in male forearm skin-to-fat tissue dielectric constant at 300 MHz
Mayrovitz H.N., Grammenos A., Corbitt K. and Bartos S.
Clin Physiol Funct Imaging, epub 17 Aug 2015.

Young adult gender differences in forearm skin-to-fat tissue dielectric constant values measured at 300 MHz
Mayrovitz H.N., Grammenos A., Corbitt K. and Bartos S.
Skin Res Technol, epub 3 Jun 2015.

Age-related differences in tissue dielectric constant values of female forearm skin measured noninvasively at 300 MHz
Mayrovitz H.N., Singh A and Akolkar S.
Skin Res Technol, epub 3 Jun 2015.

Comparative study of temporary effect on the water content at different depths of the skin by hot and cold moisturizing formulations
Cort
ázar T.M., Guzmán-Alonso M., Novoa H. and Riaño M.
Skin Res Technol, Aug;21(3):265-71, 2015.

Subepidermal moisture surrounding pressure ulcers in persons with a spinal cord injury: A pilot study
Harrow J.J. and Mayrovitz H.N.
J Spinal Cord Med, 37:719-28, 2014.

Pilot study of an assessment tool for measuring head and neck lymphoedema
Nixon J., Purcell A., Fleming J., McCann A. and Porceddu S.
Br J Community Nurs, Apr;Suppl:S6:S8-S11, 2014.

Measuring head and neck lymphedema: The “ALOHA” trial
Purcell A., Nixon J., Fleming J., McCann A. and Porceddu S.
Head Neck 2014, DOI: 10.1002/hed.23853.

Breast edema following breast conserving surgery and radiotherapy
Johansson K., Lahtinen T. and Björk-Eriksson T.
Eur J Lymphol, 70:1-5, 2014.

Skin tissue water assessed via tissue dielectric constant measurements in persons with and without diabetes mellitus
Mayrovitz H.N., McClymont A. and Pandya N.
Diabetes Technol Ther, Jan;15(1):60-5, 2013.

Sensor-based monitoring of the prevalence and severity of foot pad dermatitis in broiler chickens
Hoffmann G., Ammon C., Volkamer L., Sürie C. and Radko D.
Br Poult Sci, 54(5):553-61, 2013.

Biophysical measures of skin tissue water: variations within and among anatomical sites and correlations between measures
Mayrovitz H.N., Bernal M., Brlit F. and Desfor R.
Skin Res Technol, Feb;19(1):47-54, 2013.

Forearm skin tissue dielectric constant measured at 300 MHz: effect of changes in skin vascular volume and blood flow
Mayrovitz H.N., Guo X., Salmon M. and Uhde M.
Clin Physiol Funct Imaging, 33:55–61, 2013.

Dietary water seems to improve skin hydration without influencing hemodynamics
Tomasino F., Palma M.L., Monteiro C., Tavares L., Bujan J. and Rodrigues L.M.
Biomed Biopharm Res, (10) 1:43-54, 2013.

Validity and interobserver agreement of lower extremity local tissue water measurements in healthy women using tissue dielectric constant
Jensen M.R., Birkballe S., Nørregaard S. and Karlsmark T.
Clin Phys Funct Imaging, Jul;32(4):317-22, 2012.

Gender differences in facial skin dielectric constant measured at 300 MHz
Mayrovitz H. N., Bernal M. and Carson S.
Skin Res Technol, Nov;18(4):504-10, 2012.

Relationship between clinical features of facial dry skin and biophysical parameters in Asians
Baek J.H., Lee M.Y. and Koh J.S.
Int J Cosmet Sci, Jun;33(3):222-7, 2011.

Male–female differences in forearm skin tissue dielectric constant
Mayrovitz H. N., Carson S. and Luis M.
Clin Physiol Funct Imaging, Sep;30(5):328-32, 2010.

5-Aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic intense pulsed light therapy shows better effects in the treatment of skin photoaging in asian skin
Yang G., Xiang L.H. and Gold M.H.
J Clin Aesthet Dermatol, Mar;3(3):40-3, 2010.

Assessing lymphedema by tissue indentation force and local tissue water
Mayrovitz H.N.
Lymphology, 42:88-98, 2009.

Noninvasive transcutaneous sampling of glucose by electroporation
Murthy S.S., Kiran V.S.R., Mathur S.K. and Murthy S.N.
J Diabetes Sci Technol, 2(3):250-254, 2008.

Chronic ethanol ingestion alters xenobiotic absorption through the skin: Potential role of oxidative stress
Brand R.M. and Jendrzejewski J.L.
Food Chem Toxicol, 46:1940-1948, 2008.

Moisturizing lotions can increase transdermal absorption of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxacetic acid across hairless mouse skin
Brand R.M., Charron A.R., Sandler V.L. and Jendrzejewski J.L.
Cutan Ocul Toxicol, 26:15-23, 2007.

Potential mechanisms by which a single drink of alcohol can increase transdermal absorption of topically applied chemicals
Brand R.M., Jendrzejewski J.L. and Charron A.R.
Toxicology, Jun 25;235(3):141-149, 2007.

Skin tissue water and laser Doppler blood flow during a menstrual cycle
Mayrovitz H.N., Brow-Cross D. and Washington Z.
Clin Physiol Funct Imaging, 27:54-59, 2007.

Measurement of oedema in irritant-exposed skin by a dielectric technique
Miettinen M., Mönkkönen J., Lahtinen M.R., Nuutinen J. and Lahtinen T.
Skin Res Technol, Vol 12:235-240, 2006.

Validation of a new dielectric device to assess changes of tissue water in skin and subcutaneous fat
Nuutinen J., Ikäheimo R. and Lahtinen T.
Physiol Meas, 25:447-454, 2004.

Dielectric constant of skin and subcutaneous fat to assess fluid changes after cardiac surgery
Petäjä L., Nuutinen J., Uusaro A., Lahtinen T. and Ruokonen E.
Physiol Meas, 24:383-390, 2003.

Quantitative assessment of protein content in irradiated human skin
Lahtinen T., Nuutinen J., Alanen E., Turunen M., Nuortio L., Usenius T. and Hopewell J.W.
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 43(3):635-638, 1999.

Abstracts

Impact of alcohol consumption on the skin as determined by non-invasive bioengineering tools
Brand R.M., Jendrzejewski J.L. and Charron A.R.
Society of Toxicology Meeting, March 2006.

Water content at skin surface and in whole skin during irritant skin reaction
Miettinen M., Nuutinen J, Lahtinen M.-R. and Lahtinen T.
13th Congress of European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology Meeting, 17-21 November, 2004.

Measurement of skin edema by a dielectric technique (MoistureMeter-D)
Miettinen M., Lahtinen M-R., Nuutinen J., Lahtinen T. and Niinimäki M.
Contact Dermatitis, 50:18, 2004.

EdemaMeter – a new device to detect tissue edema in skin and subcutaneous tissues
Lahtinen T., Ikäheimo R., Lampainen E. and Nuutinen, J.
Skin Res Technol, Vol, 9(2):182, 2003.

Radiotherapy

A dielectric method for measuring early and late reactions in irradiated human skin
Nuutinen J., Lahtinen T., Turunen M., Alanen E., Tenhunen M., Usenius T. and Kolle R.
Radiother Oncol, 47:249-254, 1998.

Skin dielectric constant at high radiofrequency with special emphasis on radiation-induced late skin reaction
Nuutinen, J.
Kuopio University Publications C. Natural and Environmental Sciences 55. 1997. 64 p. Ph.D. Thesis.

Burns, Thermal injury

Dielectric measurement in experimental burns: A new tool for burn depth determination?
Soo C. and Garner W.L.
Plast Reconstr Surg, Mar;117(3):899-901, 2006.

Dielectric measurement in experimental burns: a new tool for burn depth determination?
Papp A., Lahtinen T., Harma M., Nuutinen J., Uusaro A. and Alhava E.
Plast Reconstr Surg, Mar;117(3):889-98; discussion 899-901, 2006.

Experimental thermal injury: New methods in assessing tissue damage
Papp A.
Kuopio University Publications D. Medical Sciences 356. 2005. 78 p. MD Thesis

Wound healing

Soppi, Esa. et al. 2021. “Positron Emission Tomography Study of Effects of Two Pressure-Relieving Support Surfaces on Pressure Ulcer Development.”
Journal of Wound Care 30(1): 54–62.

Toma, Elena et al. 2019. “Healing of Peristomal Lesions through Application of a Hygiene Protocol Respecting the Skin ’ s Physiological PH and Natural Moisturizing Factor : A Clinical Study.”
Senses and Sciences 6(3): 781-804.

Bates-Jensen, Barbara M. et al. 2018. “Subepidermal Moisture Detection of Heel Pressure Injury: The Pressure Ulcer Detection Study Outcomes.”
International Wound Journal 15(2): 297–309.

Bates-Jensen, Barbara M. et al.. 2017. “Subepidermal Moisture Detection of Pressure Induced Tissue Damage on the Trunk: The Pressure Ulcer Detection Study Outcomes.”
Wound Repair and Regeneration 25(3): 502–11.

Harrow, Jeffrey John. et al. 2014. “Subepidermal Moisture Surrounding Pressure Ulcers in Persons with a Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study.”
Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine 37(6): 719–28.

Assessing the feasibility of subepidermal moisture to predict erythema and stage 1 pressure ulcers in persons with spinal cord injury: A pilot study
Guihan M., Bates-Jenson, B.M., Chun S., Parachuri R., Chin A.S., McCreath H.
J Spinal Cord Med, Vol 35(1):46-52(7), 2012.

Autologous adipocyte derived stem cells favour healing in a minipig model of cutaneous radiation syndrome.
Forcheron F., Agay D., Scherthan H., Riccobono D., Herodin F., Meineke V. and Drouet M.
PLoS One. Feb; 7(2):e31694, 2012.

Abstracts

Assessing a biophysical device to predict pressure ulcers in spinal cord injury
Bates-Jensen B., Guihan M., McCreath H., Chun S., Parachuri R. and Simon J.
Poster presented at 2nd International Evidence Practice in Wound Care, USA, June 2009.

Initial assessment of tissue water content surrounding pressure ulcers in spinal cord injury patients
Harrow J.J. and Mayrovitz H.N.
2006 Symposium on Advanced Wound Care & Medical Research Forum on Wound Repair, p.73

Weight loss

Mayrovitz, Harvey N. et al. 2020. “Skin Tissue Dielectric Constant in Women with High Body Fat Content.”
Skin Research and Technology 26(2): 226–33.

Changes in abdominal subcutaneous fat water content with rapid weight loss and long-term weight maintenance in abdominally obese men and women
Laaksonen D.E., Nuutinen J., Lahtinen T., Rissanen A. and Niskanen L.K.
Int J Obesity, 27:677-683, 2003.

Theory and basic articles on TDC concept

Age-related changes in male forearm skin-to-fat tissue dielectric constant at 300 MHz
Mayrovitz H.N., Grammenos A., Corbitt K. and Bartos S.
Clin Physiol Funct Imaging, epub 17 Aug 2015.

Young adult gender differences in forearm skin-to-fat tissue dielectric constant values measured at 300 MHz
Mayrovitz H.N., Grammenos A., Corbitt K. and Bartos S.
Skin Res Technol, epub 3 Jun 2015.

Age-related differences in tissue dielectric constant values of female forearm skin measured noninvasively at 300 MHz
Mayrovitz H.N., Singh A and Akolkar S.
Skin Res Technol, epub 3 Jun 2015.

Assessing free and bound water in skin at 300 MHz using tissue dielectric constant measurements with the MoistureMeterD
Mayrovitz H.N.
In: A.K. Greene et al (eds), Lymphedema: Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment. DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-14493-1_13. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, 2015.

Gender differences in facial skin dielectric constant measured at 300 MHz
Mayrovitz H.N., Bernal M. and Carson S.
Skin Res Technol, Nov;18(4):504-10, 2012.

Spatial variations in forearm skin tissue dielectric constant
Mayrovitz H.N. and Luis M.
Skin Res Technol, Nov; 16(4):438-443, 2010.

Male–female differences in forearm skin tissue dielectric constant
Mayrovitz H.N., Carson S. and Luis M.
Clin Physiol Funct Imaging, Sep;30(5):328-32, 2010.

Dielectric properties of the skin
Lahtinen T., Nuutinen J. and Alanen E.
In: Radio Frequency Radiation Dosimetry, Editors: B. J. Klauenberg and D. Miklavcic. Kluwer Academic Publishers, the Netherlands, 2000.

Penetration of electromagnetic fields of open-ended coaxial probe between 1 MHz and 1GHz in dielectric skin measurements
Alanen E., Lahtinen T. and Nuutinen J.
Phys Med Biol, 44(7) N169-176, 1999.

Variational formulation of open-ended coaxial line in contact with layered biological medium
Alanen E., Lahtinen T. and Nuutinen J.
IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 45(10):1241-1248, 1998.

Measurement of dielectric properties of subcutaneous fat with open-ended coaxial sensors
Alanen E., Lahtinen T. and Nuutinen J.
Phys Med Biol, 43:475-485, 1998.

Dielectric properties of the skin
Lahtinen T., Nuutinen J. and Alanen E.
Phys Med Biol, 42:1471-1472, 1997.

Abstracts

Measurement depths of a skin-water analyzer (MoistureMeter D)
Kiiskinen M., Nuutinen J. and Alanen E.
Skin Res Technol, Vol 11: 292, 2005.